Frequently asked Questions
Q1. What are the characteristic features of posterior staphyloma?
a) Scleral thinning
b) Chorio-retinal atrophy
c) Localized defects of Bruch´s membrane
d) All of the above
Q2. What are the conditions which can be associated with staphyloma?
a) Retinitis pigmentosa
b) Alport’s syndrome
c)Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
d)Tilted-disc syndrome
e)All of the above
Q3. On B scan grade2 staphyloma has a depth of?
a) 0-2mm
b) 2-4 mm
c) 4-6 mm
d) 6-8 mm
Q4. How do you measure depth of staphyloma on B scan?
a) Distance between inner surface of the optic nerve head to the deepest part of the staphyloma
b) Distance between inner surface of macula to the deepest part of the staphyloma
c) Both a and b
d) None of the above
Q5. According to Curtin’s classification which is most common type of posterior staphyloma?
a)Type I
b)Type II
c)Type III
d)Type IV
Responses
Ans.1) d. All of the above .
Features of posterior staphyloma list.
Kyoko Ohno-Matsui et.al Posterior staphyloma in pathologic myopia Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, Volume 70, May 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.12.001
Ans. 2) e. All of the above
Congenital disease associations include any condition causing defects in Bruch’s membrane, such as retinitis pigmentosa, Alport’s syndrome, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, and tilted-disc syndrome. Kyoko Ohno-Matsui et.al Posterior staphyloma in pathologic myopia Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, Volume 70, May 2019. DOI:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.12.001
Ans. 3) b. 2-4 mm.
A grade 1 staphyloma had a depth of 2 mm or less, a grade 2 staphyloma had a depth of more than 2 mm but less than 4 mm, a grade 3 staphyloma had a depth of more than 4 mm but less than 6 mm, and a grade 4 staphyloma had a depth of more than 6 mm.
Ans. 4) a. The depth of the staphyloma was measured on a horizontal B-scan image across the optic nerve head as the distance from the inner surface of the optic nerve head to the deepest part of the staphyloma.
Hsiang HW, Ohno-Matsui K, Shimada N, Hayashi K, Moriyama M, Yoshida T, Tokoro T, Mochizuki M. Clinical characteristics of posterior staphyloma in eyes with pathologic myopia. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008 Jul;146(1):102-110. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2008.03.010. Epub 2008 May 2. PubMed PMID: 18455142. (Figure 1) Ultrasonography image showing the measurement of the grade of posterior staphyloma. The distance between the optic nerve plane and the deepest portion of the staphyloma is measured in a horizontal section of a B-mode ultrasonogram.
Ans. 5) a. Type I Curtin reported that type I was the most prominent and was observed in 55% of the eyes with a posterior staphyloma, and the type II was observed in only 8.4% of the eyes.
Hsiang HW, Ohno-Matsui K, Shimada N, Hayashi K, Moriyama M, Yoshida T, Tokoro T, Mochizuki M. Clinical characteristics of posterior staphyloma in eyes with pathologic myopia. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008 Jul;146(1):102-110 Epub 2008 May 2. PubMed PMID: 18455142. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2008.03.010