Eye Bank

Suraj Eye Institute

Patient Education — Eye Bank

Eye Bank

This section explains corneal blindness, how eye donation works, who can donate, the corneal transplant operations it makes possible, and how to pledge your eyes. Corneal blindness can often be cured — but only through the gift of eye donation. At Suraj Eye Institute, our eye bank exists to turn that gift into restored sight. Please select your preferred language above.

Article 1 of 6 · Eye Bank

Understanding Corneal Blindness

Corneal blindness: when a clear window turns cloudy Clear cornea — light passes ✓ Sharp vision Scarred cornea — light blocked Corneal blindness A corneal transplant replaces the cloudy cornea with healthy donated tissue — restoring sight. This is possible only through the gift of eye donation.
Fig 1 — A clear cornea lets light reach the retina; a scarred, cloudy cornea blocks it, causing corneal blindness. A transplant can restore sight.

The cornea is the clear, dome-shaped front window of the eye. Light must pass through it to reach the retina and form an image. When the cornea becomes scarred, swollen or cloudy — through infection, injury, malnutrition, certain diseases or complications of surgery — it loses its transparency, and vision falls even though the rest of the eye may be perfectly healthy. This is called corneal blindness.

Corneal blindness is one of the leading causes of avoidable blindness, and it often affects children and young adults, robbing them of education, work and independence for the rest of their lives. India carries a particularly heavy burden of corneal blindness.

The crucial point is that, unlike many causes of blindness, corneal blindness can frequently be cured. Replacing the diseased cornea with healthy, clear tissue from a donor — a corneal transplant (keratoplasty) — can restore sight completely. The eye behind the cornea is usually still working; it simply needs a clear window again.

That clear window can come only from another human being. There is no artificial substitute that matches a healthy human cornea, so every corneal transplant depends entirely on the gift of eye donation. At Suraj Eye Institute, our eye bank exists to make that gift possible — collecting, testing and providing donated corneal tissue so that those who are needlessly blind can see again.

Frequently Asked Questions
Does corneal blindness mean the whole eye is damaged?
Usually not. In corneal blindness the front window is cloudy, but the retina and inner eye often still work — which is why a transplant can restore sight.
Can corneal blindness be cured?
In a great many cases, yes. A corneal transplant replaces the cloudy cornea with clear donor tissue and can fully restore vision.
Why is donation the only solution?
There is no manufactured cornea that can fully replace a healthy human one, so transplants rely entirely on corneas given through eye donation.
Article 2 of 6 · Eye Bank

The Gift of Sight: How Eye Donation Works

The journey of an eye donation 1 Pledge Decide to donate & tell your family 2 Donation Eyes retrieved within a few hours of death 3 Eye Bank Tissue evaluated, tested & stored 4 Transplant A surgeon restores a patient’s sight One eye donation can give sight to TWO people
Fig 2 — From pledge to restored sight: donation within hours of death, evaluation at the eye bank, and transplantation — one donor can help two people.

Eye donation is the act of giving one’s eyes after death so that the corneas can be used to restore sight to others. It is a simple, dignified process — and one donation can give sight to two people, since each donor provides two corneas.

The process begins long before, with a decision to pledge and, just as importantly, letting one’s family know. When a donor passes away, the family or hospital informs the eye bank, ideally within a few hours. A trained technician then gently removes the eyes (or just the corneas) at the home or hospital. The procedure takes only a short time, is performed with the greatest respect, and leaves no visible disfigurement — the face is not changed.

The donated tissue is brought to the eye bank, where it is carefully examined and the donor’s medical history reviewed. Blood tests screen for infections that could be passed on. Only tissue that meets strict safety and quality standards is released for transplant.

Suitable corneas are then matched to patients waiting for a transplant and provided to the operating surgeon. Within days, a person who was blind can see again. The whole chain — from one family’s generosity to another person’s restored sight — is what an eye bank exists to make possible.

Frequently Asked Questions
How soon after death must the eyes be donated?
As soon as possible — ideally within about four to six hours. So the family should contact the eye bank promptly.
Will donation disfigure the face?
No. The procedure is done with great care and leaves no visible change; funeral arrangements can proceed normally without delay.
How many people can one donation help?
Each donor gives two corneas, so a single eye donation can restore sight to two different people.
Article 3 of 6 · Eye Bank

Who Can Donate? Eye Donation Myths & Facts

Who can donate? Myths & facts Almost anyone CAN donate ✓ Any age — from about 1 year, with no upper age limit ✓ People who wore spectacles ✓ After cataract or other eye surgery ✓ Diabetes, high blood pressure and most common illnesses ✓ People of all blood groups ✓ Spectacle or contact-lens wearers When it may not be possible ✗ Active rabies, HIV or hepatitis ✗ Septicaemia (blood infection) ✗ Certain blood cancers (leukaemia, lymphoma) ✗ Some active brain infections The eye bank screens every donor and tests the tissue, so families never need to judge suitability themselves. Donation takes only a short time, does not delay funeral rites, and leaves no disfigurement of the face.
Fig 3 — Almost anyone can donate, regardless of age, spectacles, past eye surgery or blood group; only a few conditions, screened by the eye bank, make it unsuitable.

One of the saddest reasons eyes are not donated is simple misunderstanding. In truth, almost anyone can be an eye donor. Age is rarely a barrier — donors can range from young children to people in their nineties, with no upper age limit. People who wore spectacles, who had cataract or other eye surgery, or who lived with diabetes or high blood pressure can still donate, and all blood groups are accepted.

Only a few conditions make donation unsuitable, mainly active infections such as rabies, HIV, viral hepatitis or widespread blood infection (septicaemia), and certain blood cancers such as leukaemia and lymphoma. Crucially, families never have to judge this themselves — the eye bank screens every donor’s history and tests the tissue, so no suitable gift is ever wasted and no unsafe tissue is ever used.

Several myths hold people back. Donation does not delay the funeral or last rites; it takes only a short time and is arranged around the family’s needs. It causes no disfigurement, as the eyes are handled with great care. It costs the family nothing. And no major religion in India objects to eye donation — most actively encourage the gift of sight as an act of charity.

Because the need is so great and the barriers so few, the most useful thing anyone can do is to decide to donate and tell their family. A willing family that knows the wish is what turns a good intention into the gift of sight.

Frequently Asked Questions
I am old and wore glasses all my life — can I still donate?
Almost certainly yes. Age and spectacle use do not prevent donation, and even people who had cataract surgery can usually donate.
Does my religion allow eye donation?
All major religions practised in India permit and generally encourage eye donation as a noble act of charity.
Will donating cost my family anything?
No. Eye donation is completely free; the eye bank bears the cost of retrieval and processing.
Article 4 of 6 · Eye Bank

Corneal Transplantation Explained

Corneal transplantation: replacing all or part of the cornea Layers of the cornea Epithelium Bowman’s layer Stroma (about 90%) Descemet’s membrane Endothelium front ▲       back ▼ What each operation replaces PK full thickness DALK front layers; own back kept DSEK / DMEK back layer only donor tissue used your own layer kept Modern surgery often replaces only the diseased layer, which can mean faster healing and a lower chance of rejection than a full-thickness graft.
Fig 4 — The layers of the cornea, and what each operation replaces: PK (full thickness), DALK (front layers), and DSEK/DMEK (the back layer only).

A corneal transplant, or keratoplasty, is the operation that uses donated corneal tissue to replace a diseased or scarred cornea. It is one of the oldest and most successful of all transplant operations, partly because the cornea has no blood vessels of its own, which lowers the chance of rejection.

The cornea is made of several layers — a surface skin (epithelium), a thick supportive middle (the stroma), and a delicate inner lining (the endothelium) that keeps the cornea clear by pumping out fluid. Which layers are damaged decides which kind of transplant is best.

In a full-thickness transplant (penetrating keratoplasty, PK), the entire central cornea is replaced — still ideal for deep scars or full-thickness disease. Increasingly, surgeons replace only the affected layers: in DALK (deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty) the front layers are replaced while the patient’s own healthy inner lining is kept; in endothelial transplants (DSEK and DMEK) only the thin back layer is exchanged through a tiny incision. These partial transplants can mean faster recovery and a lower risk of rejection.

After surgery, healing is gradual and is supported by eye drops, often for many months, with regular review. Most patients regain useful, often excellent, vision. Rejection — where the body reacts against the donor tissue — is uncommon and, if caught early, can usually be treated, which is why follow-up and prompt attention to any new redness, pain or blurring matter. At Suraj Eye Institute, the eye bank and corneal surgeons work together to make these sight-restoring operations possible.

Frequently Asked Questions
Is the whole eye transplanted?
No. Only the cornea — the clear front window — is transplanted. The phrase “eye transplant” is a common misunderstanding; the eyeball itself cannot be transplanted.
Will my body reject the new cornea?
Rejection is relatively uncommon because the cornea has no blood vessels. If it occurs and is treated early, the graft can often be saved — so attend reviews and report any new redness, pain or blurring promptly.
How long does recovery take?
Vision improves gradually over weeks to months, especially after full-thickness grafts. Partial (lamellar) transplants often recover faster. Drops and follow-up continue for some time afterwards.
Article 5 of 6 · Eye Bank

Pledging Your Eyes: How to Register

How to pledge your eyes 1 Register Sign a pledge form with the eye bank 2 Tell your family They give consent — the key step 3 Keep the card Carry your donor card 4 At the time Family calls the eye bank within hours Your pledge is a wish — your family’s awareness makes it happen. Eye donation is always free.
Fig 5 — Pledging in four steps: register your wish, tell your family, keep your donor card, and have the family call the eye bank promptly.

Pledging your eyes is a simple, generous decision that costs nothing and can give two people their sight. A pledge is a declaration of your wish to donate your eyes after death. You can make it at any time, in good health, by filling in a short donor form with an eye bank such as ours.

The single most important step, however, is not the form — it is telling your family. At the time of death it is your family who will contact the eye bank and give consent, so they need to know and respect your wish. A pledge that the family does not know about often cannot be acted upon; a family that knows can make it happen even if no card was ever signed.

Keep your donor card or registration where it can be found, and consider noting your wish where your family will see it. When the time comes, your family simply contacts the eye bank as soon as possible — ideally within a few hours. Meanwhile, keep the eyes gently closed, switch off any fan directly overhead, and raise the head slightly; the eye bank team will guide them through the rest.

To pledge your eyes, or to arrange a donation, contact the Suraj Eye Institute Eye Bank. By choosing to donate, you turn a moment of loss into a lasting gift — the gift of sight — for someone who would otherwise live in darkness.

Frequently Asked Questions
How do I pledge my eyes?
Fill in a simple donor pledge form with our eye bank, keep the donor card, and — most importantly — tell your family of your wish.
If I pledged, is my family still needed at the time?
Yes. Your family’s consent and prompt call to the eye bank are essential, which is why telling them in advance matters so much.
What should the family do at the time of death?
Contact the eye bank as soon as possible (ideally within a few hours), keep the eyes closed and the head slightly raised, and switch off any overhead fan. Our team will guide you.
Article 6 of 6 · Eye Bank

At the Time of Need — What the Family Should Do

At the time of death — please act within a few hours1A loved one passes awayEyes can be donated up to about 6 hours after death.2Call immediatelyPhone the on-call doctors and the eye bank (numbers below).3Send a WhatsApp messageShare the name, address, time of death and a contact number.4Keep documents readyThe patient’s medical records and the death certificate.5Care for the body meanwhileGently close the eyes, switch off the overhead fan,raise the head slightly and keep the room cool.6Our team reaches youThe eye bank team arrives to receive the donation with respect.One eye donation gives sight to two people. Thank you for this gift.
Fig 6 — Simple steps for the family at the time of death, so the gift of sight can be honoured in time.

Eye donation must take place within a few hours of death, so a little readiness makes all the difference. If a loved one who wished to donate passes away, please follow these simple steps and call us straight away. Our team will reach you and handle everything with care and respect.

📞 Eye donation — call immediately (24×7)

Doctor on Call+91 80071 50004
Doctor on Call+91 77698 02020

Please call as soon as possible after death (ideally within a few hours).

Frequently Asked Questions
How quickly must the family call after death?
As soon as possible — ideally within about 4–6 hours. Call the on-call numbers and send a WhatsApp message right away.
What should be kept ready?
The patient’s available medical records and the death certificate. Our team will guide you through everything else.

Suraj Eye Institute Eye Bank — 559, New Colony, Nagpur – 440001  |  Eye donation & appointments: 8007 230 004

The information on this page is for patient education only and does not replace professional medical advice. To pledge your eyes or arrange a donation, please contact the Suraj Eye Institute Eye Bank.

Pledge Your Eyes

Your details
Next of kin (they consent & call at the time)
Witnesses (optional but recommended)
Declaration

On submit, a pledge PDF and your free-consultation coupon are created on your device, and the details are sent to the Suraj Eye Institute Eye Bank. Pledging is a wish; donation takes place with your family’s consent at the time. Eye donation is always free.

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